
The world is increasingly dependent on Internet technology for almost everything. The rapid growth of technology and the number of cyberattacks make it a complex field.
Cyber Security is a significant challenge in todays world.
CyberSecurity Types

Cyber Security can be defined as a term used to describe a variety of layers and security measures that are taken to protect data against cyber threats.
In this section, we will look at different types of Cyber Security.
Network Security
As the name suggests, in Network Security, you have to prevent malicious/unauthorized users from getting inside the network.
It is essential to maintain the integrity, reliability, and usability of a business. It is necessary to monitor all traffic entering and leaving the network. To ensure the secure transmission of data, all the required software, such as firewalls, antivirus, VPN, Anti-Spyware, and IPS, should be installed.
To prevent cyberattacks.
Cloud Security
As IT firms try to cut their operating costs, they are moving data from on-premises to the cloud. Instead of using a secure, traditional stack, the users now connect online.
This exposes them to hackers. You will need to provide Cloud Security for both the client and the cloud provider. It would help if you also controlled users.
Cloud providers like AWS GCP and Azure, who are competing with industry demands, will provide you with a secure infrastructure.
Application Security
Cybercrime is always a possibility for any application that you release on the market. It will be exposed to a large number of users and stakeholders and then face an amplification in the network.
You must protect your data from anyone who has access to the database of the application. Use various tools to control access to the app and data. You must also protect the app in the phases of development and deployment.
The Most Common Cyber Security Threats

DoS Attacks
Denial-of-service (DoS), or a DoS attack, is intended to overload the systems resources to the point that it cannot respond to valid requests for services.
DDoS attacks are similar to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks in that they also aim to drain resources from a system. DDoS attacks are initiated by an array of host computers infected with malware and controlled by the attacker. The "denial-of-service" attack is called this because the site that has been targeted cannot provide services to anyone who wants to visit it.
A DoS attack floods the site with requests that are not legitimate. The sites resources are consumed because it has to answer each request.
The site is unable to provide the service it usually does, and it often shuts down completely. DoS and DDoS are distinct from other cyber-attacks that allow hackers to gain access to systems or increase their current passports and cyber threats.
These types of attacks directly benefit the hacker. In contrast, DoS or DDoS attacks on networks are designed to disrupt the service of the targeted company. The attacker may be rewarded financially if they are hired by an opponent.
DoS attacks can be used as a way to make a system vulnerable to other types of attacks. A successful DoS/DDoS attack can often force the system to go offline.
This leaves it open to being attacked by other methods. A firewall can be used to detect if the requests being sent to your website are genuine. The imposter requests are then thrown out, which allows regular traffic to continue uninterrupted.
MITM Attacks
Cyber attacks of the "man-in-the middle" (MITM type) refer to cybersecurity breaches that allow an attacker to listen in on data being sent between computers, networks, or people.
The "man-in-the middle" cyber attack is so named because it involves the attacker putting themselves between two people or networks that are trying to communicate. The attacker spies on both parties.
The two parties feel as if theyre communicating usually. They dont know that the sender of the message has altered or accessed the message illegally before it gets to its intended destination.
You can protect your company and yourself from MITM by using strong encryption at access points or by using a VPN.
Phishing Attacks
When malicious actors use emails to appear to come from trusted sources, they are attempting to steal sensitive data from their target.
Social engineering is combined with technology in phishing attacks. The attacker uses "bait," which appears to be from a trusted sender, to gain access into a restricted area. The target, in many cases, may not be aware that they are compromised.
This allows the attackers to attack other people within the organization.
By being careful about what emails you read and which links you select, you can avoid phishing attempts. Do not click anything suspicious in the email header.
The parameters "Reply to" and "Return Path" must connect to the domain that is presented in the email.
Whale Phishing Attacks
The whale-phishing attacks are so named because they target the "big fish" or whales in an organization. They may have information that can be useful to the attackers-for example, proprietary information on a businesss operations or about its employees.
When a "whale," or target, downloads ransomware, they will be more inclined to pay to avoid the news spreading and damaging the reputation of their organization.
To prevent whale-phishing, take the same precautions as you would to protect yourself from phishing, like carefully reviewing emails, attachments, and network security strategy links they contain and keeping a close eye on suspicious parameters or destinations.
The Attacks of Spear Phishing
The term "spear phishing" refers to an attack that is specifically targeted. An attacker will research the intended target and write messages that are likely to be relevant to the individual.
The attacker focuses on a single target, which is why these attacks are called spear phishing. It can be hard to detect a spear phishing scam because the message appears legitimate.
Spear-phishing attacks often use email spoofing. This is where information in the "From:" section of an email is fudged to make it appear as if the message is from someone else.
It can be someone that the victim trusts, such as a person in their social circle, a friend, or a business partner. The attacker may use a website copy to appear legitimate.
Website cloning is a technique where the attacker duplicates an actual website to make the victim feel comfortable.
When the target believes that the website they are visiting is legitimate, it feels safe to enter their personal information. Similar to regular phishing attacks, spear-phishing attacks can be prevented by carefully checking the details in all fields of an email and making sure users do not click on any link whose destination cannot be verified as legitimate.
Ransomware
The victim is forced to hold their system hostage by ransomware until the attacker accepts payment. The attacker will then provide instructions on how to regain control over the computer after the ransom has been paid.
Ransomware is aptly named because it demands money from its victim.
The target of a ransomware assault downloads the ransomware either via a web page or an attachment in an email. Malware is designed to take advantage of vulnerabilities not addressed by the manufacturer of the computer or IT staff.
Ransomware then locks down the computer of its target. Ransomware is sometimes used against multiple targets by blocking access to computers and servers that are essential for business operations.
It is possible to affect multiple computers by delaying the system capture until several days or weeks after initial malware penetration.
The malware can send that are sent from one computer to another through an internal network or USB drives connected to several computers. When the attacker starts the encryption process, all infected computers are affected simultaneously.
Some ransomware writers design their code in a way that it can evade antivirus software. Users must be vigilant about which websites they visit and what links they select.
You can prevent ransomware by using a next-generation, which can do deep data packet analysis using AI to look for ransomware characteristics.
Password Attack
Hackers are interested in obtaining passwords because theyre the most popular way to verify access. You can do this using several different methods.
People often keep their passwords written on sticky notes or pieces of paper around their offices or desks. The attacker may either be able to find it themselves or they can pay someone inside the organization to do so.
A hacker may intercept transmissions on a network to get passwords that are not encrypted. Social engineering is another way to get the victim to enter their password to solve an "important" issue.
Other times, an attacker may guess the password of the victim, especially if it is a simple password" or a password thats easy to recall.
Often, attackers use brute force methods to guess passwords. The brute force password hack attempts to guess the password using basic information such as a persons name or job title.
You can use their birth date, name, anniversary, or any other easily accessible personal information to guess their password. Users social media information can be used to hack passwords using brute force. Often, passwords are formed based on what the person does to have fun.
This can include hobbies, pet names, and childrens names.
Hackers can use dictionary attacks to determine a password. Dictionary attacks are a method that makes use of common words or phrases, such as those found in a dictionary, to guess a targets password.
A lockout policy is an effective way to prevent dictionary and brute-force password attacks. After a set number of unsuccessful attempts, the lock-out policy automatically locks down access to specific devices, applications, and websites.
A lockout policy limits the number of attempts an attacker can make before being banned. It is a good idea to update your password if you already have a lockout in place and find that it has locked your account out due to too many attempts.
An attacker who uses dictionary or brute force attacks to guess your password may note the ones that didnt work.
If your password was your last name followed by the year of your birth, and the hacker tried putting the year of your delivery before your last name on their final try, they might get it right the next time.
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SQL Injection Attack
Structured Query Language injection (SQL) is a popular method to exploit websites that rely on databases for their users service.
SQL attacks use SQL queries sent by the client computer to the database of the server. This command, which is "injected" into the data plane, replaces something that would generally be there, such as a login or password.
After the server, which holds the database, runs the command, the system has been penetrated. If the SQL injection is successful, it can lead to several outcomes, such as the release or modification of important information.
An attacker may also be able to execute administrative operations, such as a shutdown, that can disrupt the process of the database.
Use the most miniature privilege model to protect yourself against an SQL Injection attack. Only those with a real need for access to critical databases can gain entry into a least-privileged system.
If a person has influence or power within an organization, they might not be allowed access to certain areas of the system if it is not essential for their job, cant access certain areas on the network, even though they are entitled to see what lies inside. A least privilege policy prevents not only bad actors but those with good intentions who accidentally expose their credentials to hackers or run their workstations while they are away.
URL Interpretation
URL Interpretation is a method by which attackers fabricate and alter URL addresses to access the personal or professional information of their target.
URL poisoning is another name for this type of attack. This is because the attacker already knows how to enter the URL of a website. This syntax is "interpreted" by the attacker, who uses it to determine how to gain access to areas that they dont have permission to.
A hacker can guess URLs to execute an URL attack. They may use these URLs to gain admin privileges on a website or access its backend to enter a user account. They can then manipulate the website or access sensitive data about its users.
The admin password and username may either be "admin," the default, or something that is very simple to guess. The attacker could have also figured out or narrowed down the password of an admin.
After trying each password, the attacker gains access and can manipulate, steal or delete any data he wants. Use secure authentication for sensitive sections of your website to prevent URL interpretation attacks. Multi-factor authentication may be required, or passwords with seemingly random characters.
DNS Spoofing
Hackers can alter DNS records to redirect traffic to fake websites. The victim can enter personal information on the phony site that the hacker may use or sell.
Hackers may create a low-quality website with offensive or inflammatory content to harm a rival company.
The attacker uses DNS-spoofing to trick the victim into believing that the website theyre visiting is genuine. The attacker can commit criminal acts in the name of an innocent business from the viewpoint of the user.
Keep your DNS servers up to date to prevent DNS spoofing. The latest software releases often include fixes to close vulnerabilities that attackers are looking for in DNS servers.
Session Hijacking
MITM is a variety of attacks. An attacker hijacks a communication session between the client and server. In this attack, the computer that is being used substitutes the IP address of the computer client for its own.
The server then continues to communicate with the attacker without realizing it. The server verifies the identity of the client using the IP address.
The server might not detect a breach if the IP address of the attacker is added partway into the session. It is already in a trusting connection.
Use a VPN when accessing business-critical servers to prevent the hijacking of sessions. All communication will be encrypted, and the attacker wont have access to the VPN tunnel.
Attack with Brute Force
The name brute force attack comes from its "brutish," or simplistic methodology. An attacker tries to guess login credentials for someone who has access to the system.
They are now in. Even though this process may seem time-consuming, hackers often use bots. An attacker gives the bot a list of credentials they believe will allow them to access the secured area.
The attacker then sits and watches as the bot tries out each certificate. The criminal can gain access once the proper credentials are entered.
As part of the authorization security architecture, implement a lock-out policy to prevent brute force attacks. The user who is trying to enter credentials will be locked out after a set number of attempts.
It is usually done by "freezing" an account so that no matter what device or IP address someone uses to try and access the account, they will be locked out.
Use random passwords that do not contain common words, dates, or numbers. It is essential to use random passwords, as it takes many years for an attacker to be able to crack a 10-digit password using the software.
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Web Attacks
Web-based attacks are threats that target web applications vulnerabilities. You initiate a command every time you input information into a website application.
If you use an online banking app to send money to someone, for example, you can instruct the program to enter your account and take the money from it, then transfer the funds to the recipients account. These attacks are based on these types of requests.
This article will discuss some common web attacks, including SQL injections and cross-site code (XSS). Hackers use parameter tampering and cross-site request forgery (CSRF).
In a CSRF, the victims actions are manipulated to benefit the attacker. They may, for example, click something to launch a script that changes the login credentials of a web-based application.
Armed with new login credentials, the hacker can log in to the web application as a real user.
The tampering of parameters is the act of modifying security settings that are implemented by programmers to safeguard specific operations.
What is typed into the parameter determines how a process will be executed. By changing the parameters of the function, the attacker can bypass security features that are dependent on the parameter.
To avoid web attacks, inspect your web applications to check for--and fix--vulnerabilities. Anti-CSRF tokens are a great way to fix vulnerabilities while not affecting the performance of your web application.
The tokens are exchanged by the browser of the user and the application. The validity of the token is verified before a command can be executed. The power is executed if the token checks out.
If not, then its blocked. Use SameSite flags to only process requests coming from the same website, making any sites built by an attacker useless.
Insider Threats
Sometimes the most dangerous actors are found within an organization. The people who work within an organization can be a particular danger, as they have administrative privileges and access to many systems.
People within an organization also often possess a thorough understanding of their cybersecurity architecture and how they react to threats. The knowledge gained can help gain access to areas that are restricted, change security settings, or determine the most effective time for an attack.
To prevent insider attacks, it is essential to restrict employee access to systems that are sensitive to those employees who require them in order to fulfill their job duties.
For those who do need to access sensitive systems. It requires them to enter at least a single thing that they are familiar with, along with an item of physical property, to access the system.
The user might be required to insert a USB drive and enter a passcode. Other configurations generate an access code on the handheld device to which the user must log in.
Only a user who has entered both a valid password and a digit can access the secured area, but it does make it much easier to determine whos behind an attempt or attack.
This is especially true because relatively few individuals are allowed access to the sensitive area in the beginning. This strategy of limited access can act as a barrier. The relatively small number of possible suspects will make it easy for Cybercriminals to identify the culprit.
Drive-By Attacks
A hacker will embed malicious code in an unsecure website. The script infects the computer when the user clicks on the website.
Drive-by refers to the fact that a victim has only to visit the website to be infected. No information is required to enter or click anything.
Users should ensure that they have the latest software installed on their computer, especially applications such as Adobe Acrobat or Flash which can be used when browsing the Internet.
You can also use web filtering software to detect unsafe sites before users visit them.
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Conclusion
We hope that you found it helpful in enhancing your knowledge of Cyber Security, as well as the threats to Cyber Security.
You will be faced with more cyber threats as technology advances. It is essential to stay informed about these threats in order to protect yourself and combat hackers.